Wednesday, December 31, 2008

Increase Motivation

1. Consequences - Never use threats. They’ll turn people against you. But making people aware of the negative consequences of not getting results (for everyone involved) can have a big impact. This one is also big for self motivation. If you don’t get your act together, will you ever get what you want?

2. Pleasure - This is the old carrot on a stick technique. Providing pleasurable rewards creates eager and productive people.

3. Performance incentives - Appeal to people’s selfish nature. Give them the opportunity to earn more for themselves by earning more for you.

4. Detailed instructions - If you want a specific result, give specific instructions. People work better when they know exactly what’s expected.


5. Short and long term goals
 - Use both short and long term goals to guide the action process and create an overall philosophy.

6. Kindness - Get people on your side and they’ll want to help you. Piss them off and they’ll do everything they can to screw you over.

7. Deadlines - Many people are most productive right before a big deadline. They also have a hard time focusing until that deadline is looming overhead. Use this to your advantage by setting up a series of mini-deadlines building up to an end result.

8. Team Spirit
 - Create an environment of camaraderie. People work more effectively when they feel like part of team — they don’t want to let others down.

10. Recognize achievement - Make a point to recognize achievements one-on-one and also in group settings. People like to see that their work isn’t being ignored.

11. Personal stake - Think about the personal stake of others. What do they need? By understanding this you’ll be able to keep people happy and productive.

12. Concentrate on outcomes - No one likes to work with someone standing over their shoulder. Focus on outcomes — make it clear what you want and cut people loose to get it done on their own.

13. Trust and Respect - Give people the trust and respect they deserve and they’ll respond to requests much more favorably.

14. Create challenges - People are happy when they’re progressing towards a goal. Give them the opportunity to face new and difficult problems and they’ll be more enthusiastic.

15. Let people be creative - Don’t expect everyone to do things your way. Allowing people to be creative creates a more optimistic environment and can lead to awesome new ideas.

16. Constructive criticism
 - Often people don’t realize what they’re doing wrong. Let them know. Most people want to improve and will make an effort once they know how to do it.

17. Demand improvement - Don’t let people stagnate. Each time someone advances raise the bar a little higher (especially for yourself).

18. Make it fun - Work is most enjoyable when it doesn’t feel like work at all. Let people have fun and the positive environment will lead to better results.

19. Create opportunities - Give people the opportunity to advance. Let them know that hard work will pay off.

20. Communication
 - Keep the communication channels open. By being aware of potential problems you can fix them before a serious dispute arises.

21. Make it stimulating - Mix it up. Don’t ask people to do the same boring tasks all the time. A stimulating environment creates enthusiasm and the opportunity for “big picture” thinking.

Master these key points and you’ll increase motivation with a bit of hard work.

6 Steps To Making Good Decisions


Make Only The Best Decisions according to Hooman Hamzehloui

Wouldn’t you like to make the best decisions all the time? The quality of your life will depend on your ability to make the right decisions at the right times. How do you make all the right decisions, 100% of the time? You can’t do that, its impossible to make the right decisions 100% of the time. What you can do is become a master at the art of decision making so you will make more right decisions than wrong ones. Research has shown that highly successful people usually make their decisions quick and they are reluctant to change their minds once they have made their decisions. The opposite side is the people who regularly fail. These people normally take a long time to make a decision and are frequently changing their minds.

Why are successful people so good at making decisions? Successful people make good decisions because they don’t make situations more complicated than they really are. They have faith in their abilities to achieve. They focus on the most important factors of their situation. This focus on the most important factor usually gives them great results when making decisions, They break their big decisions down into mini-decisions. This gives them an opportunity to turn the big decisions into several smaller decisions. They visualize all the good outcomes their decision can bring, instead of focusing on all the negative outcomes that are possible. The bottom-line is that good decisions come from disciplined thinking and experience. The more decisions you make, the better you will get at making the right decisions. Don’t be afraid to make decisions, look at them as an opportunity to shine. Remember the greatest risk is the one you don’t take, so don’t be afraid of making the wrong decision. Get excited about making the right decision.



Steps To Making Great Decisions

1. Focus on the most important factor of your decision. In almost all decisions, there is usually one really important factor to the decision. Focus your efforts on that important detail and your choice will become so much easier to make.

2. Make big decisions into several smaller decisions. When a decision looks like too much to handle, break that big decision into several small decisions. After you make all the smaller decisions, the big decision will be made for you.

3. Take into consideration all the good outcomes that will come out of you making your decision. Decision makers get inspired by the positive outcomes that their decision will bring them. The excitement from the outcomes of your decision will keep your focus where it needs to be. Don’t focus on the negative possibilities of your decision.

4. Take the necessary actions required to make your decision a success. Don’t decide to do something and then fail to take the action required to make it happen. Focus your efforts on making your decision successful. Don’t talk about making it happen, take massive action to make it happen.

5. Keep your decision making process as simple as possible. This is a habit so many people are guilty of. You don’t want to get paralysis by over analysis. KEEP IT SIMPLE SILLY (KISS). Some decision makers put so many scenarios out there that they confuse themselves. Only focus on the scenarios that you have to do right to make your decision a success.

6. Consider all of your options. Don’t be a know it all. Good decision makers are not too proud to consult with someone else. Consult with people who have more experience about the subject than you do. Ask them what they would consider if they were in the same situation? Their knowledge and insight will show you different perspectives and different options that may completely change what you were thinking. Don’t get crazy and get 30 different opinions because you will probably put yourself in a position of indecision, which will probably lead you down the wrong path.

Follow these steps and over time you will master the art of decision making.

Tuesday, December 30, 2008

TOP 10 MOST EXPENSIVE MOBILE PHONES

 1. Diamond Crypto Smartphone
= $ 1.300.000.

The waves of opulence are expected to wash down the names of Vertu, Goldvish, Amosu and the likes as the ‘World's most expensive mobile phone’. They now have a stiff competition from the Ancort phone. This Russian company, JSC Ancort, has partnered with jeweler Peter Aloisson to conceive an incredibly expensive version of Swiss Crypto Telecommunication Security’s Crypto Smart telephone that carries and exceeding price tag of $1.3 million. At this price, it’s undeniably got gold and diamonds to its list for main features. But it also boasts of its security features for mobile phone privacy. The solid platinum Crypto Smartphone uses a symmetric 256 bit cryptographic algorithm and Windows CE operating system. In addition to the platinum body, the Ancort logo and the navigation key are made of 18 carat rose gold, as is the navigation key which also carries 28 round cut diamonds.

The phone also comes with a Connolly leather carrying case with platinum trimmings and lock and hand made macassar ebony presentation box with beige suede leather lining again with platinum trimmings and lock. When the box is opened, it plays music and the music can be changed to the your (client’s) choice. 
Space has been reserved on the phone and leather pouch for personalization with the company logo or client’s name and initials.


2. Goldvish “Le million”

= $1,000,000 (£540,540)


A PR stunt it may be, and they surely can’t be expecting to sell any, but the Goldvish “Le million” is officially the most expensive mobile phone in the world, according the Guiness Books of Records. There’s even been talk of a $1.3million phone, but this has fewer diamonds than the Goldvish so I can’t see where the extra expense comes from! The “Le million” is a one off, featuring a blinding 120 carats worth of VVS-1 grade diamonds, according to designer Emmanuel Gueit. If $1 million is out of your price range. the Geneva-based Goldvish also offer several other diamond-encrusted 18k gold models in your choice of rose, yellow, or white, starting at a much more reasonable $25,600 (£13,837).


3. Vertu Signature Cobra

= $310,000 (£167,567)


Vertu is now taking orders for the Signature Cobra, designed by French jeweler Boucheron, but you had better be quick as only 8 are being made! The Cobra will feature one pear-cut diamond, one round white diamond, two emerald eyes and 439 rubies. Vertu will also be offering a “cheaper” version, ruby free, at $115,000 (£62,162).

4. Sony Ericsson Black Diamond

= $300,000 (£162,162)


Apparently the Black Diamond will be available in 2007, not from Sony Ericsson but by a company called VIPN. Initially only 5 unique numered pieces will be available for the unbelievable price of, wait for it… $300,000. With regards to the specifications, don’t expect anything remarkable for your money. It will have Quad-band with Wi-Fi, an Intel 400Mhz processor running windows mobile 5, and a touch sensitive 2? screen. It will also include internal memory of 128mb and will come with a 2Gb SD card for external storage, plus a respectable 4 Megapixel camera. The designer Jaren Goh has used some pretty impressive materials for the build, featuring titane with polycarbonate, mirror-finish cladding and diamonds.

5. Vertu Diamond

= $88,000 (£47,567)



The Diamond is Vertu’s premium range of high-end mobile phones. As the name suggests the handsets in the Diamond range are diamond-encrusted handsets made from platinum. Only 200 of the handsets are being produced, the most expensive believed to be worth an estimated £50,000.

6. Motorola V220 Special Edition

= £28,000 ($51,800)




Austrian designer Peter Aloisson, has taken a standard Motorola, studded it with 1,200 diamonds and added a keyboard inlaid with 18 carat gold. The outcome is a £28,000 handset, suitable only for footballers and film stars!


7. Gold Edition Nokia 8800 Phone

= $2,700 (£1,459)



If you have $2,700 to spare, you can now buy the Nokia 8800 in 24K gold. However, be warned, if you think you’ll be getting a better phone for your extra cash, you wont! The features found on the Gold Edition are the standard 8800 features, which are pretty basic. It includes a 0.5 Mega pixel SVGA camera, 64 MB of internal memory, 64 voice polyphonic rigntones, FM Radio, Mp3 Player, video recording and 180 mins talktime. However, the Gold Edition does includes a special edition box and charging dock!

8. Mobiado Professional EM (wood)

= $1,900 (£1,027)




The Mobiado Professional EM, is a wood-clad upgrade of their earlier Nokia-based phone that includes a 1.3 megapixel camera, music player, FM radio, Bluetooth, and according to Mobiado it’s the first production phone with Titanium buttons. Only 200 are being made and each one has its limited number engraved on the back. At $1,900 however, you’re still paying an awfully high premium for a fairly basic phone encased in wood!

9. Bang & Olufsen (Samsung) Serene

= $1,250 (£675)



Bang & Olufsen hooked up with Samsung to design the sleek but unconventional Serene. Its not a bad looking phone and it even has a built-in motor to assist you in opening and closing the phone. It’s not very practical however, requiring a special screwdriver to access the battery and the SIM card, and its circular keypad will take some getting used to. Also, for some strange reason they have positioned the camera lens on the side of the device, which will make it difficult to align snapshots via the viewfinder on the display.

10. Lamborghini 8800 Sirocco from Nokia
= $To be announced


The Lamborghini Nokia 8800 Sirocco is another special edition, like the previously launch Aston Martin branded Sirocco. It will ultimately be a standard 8800 Sirocco but with the addition of the famous Lamborghini logo engraved on the font and the back, plus ball bearings from the auto company to in the slider phone mechanism. The Lamborghini phone will be a limited edition with only 500 being made. It will also feature Lamborghini graphics as wallpapers, screensavers, ringtones, and even has a short documentary video about the Lamborghini

Thursday, December 18, 2008

Voucher Internet Indosat

Makin Bebas Ber-Internet Dengan Voucher Internet

Kini pengguna Mentari dan IM3 dapat ber-internet ria lebih leluasa dengan Voucher Internet, voucher khusus dari Indosat yang pulsanya hanya bisa digunakan untuk akses internet/data. Voucher Internet Indosat ini adalah voucher internet pertama yang pernah ada di indonesia.

Dengan Voucher Internet, surfing, browsing, downloading, uploading, e-mail, sampai chatting jadi lebih murah dan menyenangkan, cuma Rp 10/30 detik dengan kecepatan sampai dengan 256 Kbps!

Saat ini Voucher Internet tersedia di outlet-outlet dalam bentuk elektronik dengan denominasi Rp 5.000 untuk masa aktif 5 hari. Voucher ini dapat digunakan untuk mengakses internet berbasis durasi selama 250 menit.

Mekanisme Pemakaian Pulsa GPRS

Bagi pengguna Mentari / IM3 yang memanfaatkan layanan akses internet via GPRS, maka pulsa yang akan dipotong terlebih dahulu adalah pulsa dari account Pulsa GPRS, setelah itu account Pulsa REGULER.
Pemakaian pulsa dihitung dalam ‘menit’ dengan satu unit pemakaian = 30 detik.

Contoh:
Pulsa GPRS = 250 menit. untuk akses internet selama 60 detik. Maka sisa Pulsa GPRS = 249 menit.
Kemudian akses internet lagi selama 45 detik. Maka sisa Pulsa GPRS = 248 menit.
Kemudian akses internet lagi selama 90 detik. Maka sisa Pulsa GPRS = 246,5 menit.

Setting

Untuk mengaktifkan layanan ini, pastikan setting GPRS Kartu Anda menggunakan setting berbasis durasi:

APN : indosatgprs
Username : indosat@durasi
Password : indosat@durasi

Setelah melakukan pengisian, pengguna Mentari/IM3 akan memperoleh SMS notifikasi seperti contoh sebagai berikut:

Pengguna Mentari, dapat melakukan pengecekan pulsa GPRS dengan menekan *555*1#
Pengguna IM3, dapat melakukan pengecekan pulsa GPRS dengan menekan *388*1#

Syarat dan Ketentuan:
Berlaku untuk akses internet dengan setting GPRS berbasis durasi.
Bila pelanggan menggunakan setting GPRS berbasis volume, akses internet akan memotong Pulsa Regular pada main account (Rp 1/Kb) walau sudah melakukan isi ulang dengan Voucher Internet.
Pengisian Pulsa GPRS akan menambah masa aktif kartu, tetapi masa aktif Pulsa GPRS tidak bersifat akumulatif (yang mana masa aktif paling lama).
Koneksi internet akan terputus jika Pulsa GPRS habis.
Sisa Pulsa GPRS akan hangus jika pelanggan tidak melakukan reload Voucher Internet sebelum masa aktif Pulsa GPRS berakhir.
Khusus pelanggan Mentari, Pulsa GPRS akan hangus saat pelanggan melakukan perpindahan paket.
Berlaku mulai 25 November 2008

Sertifikat Office Gratis


Belum lama ini majalah komputer PC Media telah menyediakan sertifikasi online dalam bidang Microsoft Office (Ms Office). Website yang bisa kamu akses di alamatwww.sertifikasioffice.com ini, Bisa ngebantu kamu buat ngedapetin sertifikat office secara cuma-cuma!, yang nantinya sertifikat tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai bukti otentik-bahwa kamu benar-benar menguasai aplikasi Ms Office-pada saat melamar pekerjaan.

Caranya, kamu tinggal mendaftarkan diri di website tersebut, kemudian mengambil paket ujian yang diberikan secara online. Kalau kamu mampu menjawab minimal 65 % pertanyaan yang diberikan dengan benar, Kamu berhak mengantongi sertifikat Ms Office. Sebagai verifikasi, Website tersebut akan memberikan kode yang bisa dipakai untuk membuktikan bahwa kamu telah lulus, dan berhak atas sertifikat Ms Office. Selanjutnya…ya, kamu tinggal menuliskan kode tersebut di Curriculum Vitae (CV) surat lamaran kerja kamu. Selamat mencoba & Good Luck!!!

Wednesday, December 10, 2008

cute n adorable babies


how come i can't taste anything???


Future musician


SURPRISE


AAArrrrrrrgh you again!!








terorist masa depan kita

TROTOAR


Located on the 5th kilometer of kaliurang street is a small stand which sells drinks that you can find in clubs or pubs with price range Rp30.000 till Rp100.000 or even higher, but the big difference here is that it contains 0% alcohol. Everythings the same except at this place, it has no alcohol at all.The price is also much cheaper here, mostly under Rp 5,000. The man selling these drinks (Om Pedro) is an easy going kind of person and loves to chat a lot, so if you come to this place, i am sure that you wont get bored since this person always has something to talk about.
I think the best drink sold here is called "trotoar erthquake", its sort of soury, zingy kind of taste.

the one on the right is the one that i have said above "eartquake" . I forgot what the left one is called but i know that it got yoghurt as one of the ingredients...

CHOCOLATE : the Psychoactive Cocktail

    Chocolate contains small quantities of anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid found in the brain. Sceptics claim one would need to consume several pounds of chocolate to gain any very noticeable psychoactive effects; and eat a lot more to get fully stoned. Yet it's worth noting that N-oleolethanolamine and N-linoleoylethanolamine, two structural cousins of anandamide present in chocolate, both inhibit the metabolism of anandamide. It has been speculated that they promote and prolong the feeling of well-being induced by anandamide.

        Chocolate contains caffeine. But the caffeine is present only in modest quantities. It is easily obtained from other sources. Indeed a whole ounce of milk chocolate contains no more caffeine than a typical cup of "decaffeinated" coffee.    Chocolate contains small quantities of anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid found in the brain. Sceptics claim one would need to consume several pounds of chocolate to gain any very noticeable psychoactive effects; and eat a lot more to get fully stoned. Yet it's worth noting that N-oleolethanolamine and N-linoleoylethanolamine, two structural cousins of anandamide present in chocolate, both inhibit the metabolism of anandamide. It has been speculated that they promote and prolong the feeling of well-being induced by anandamide.

        Chocolate contains caffeine. But the caffeine is present only in modest quantities. It is easily obtained from other sources. Indeed a whole ounce of milk chocolate contains no more caffeine than a typical cup of "decaffeinated" coffee. Chocolate's theobromine content may contribute to - but seems unlikely to determine - its subtle but distinctive psychoactive profile. Surprisingly, perhaps, recent research suggests that pure theobromine may be superior to opiates as a cough medicine due to its action on the vagus nerve.

        Chocolate also contains tryptophan. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid. It is the rate-limiting step in the production of the mood-modulating neurotransmitter serotonin. Enhanced serotonin function typically diminishes anxiety. Yet tryptophan can normally be obtained from other sources as well; and only an unusually low-protein, high-carbohydrate meal will significantly increase its rate of intake into the brain.

        Like other palatable sweet foods, consumption of chocolate triggers the release of endorphins, the body's endogenous opiates. Enhanced endorphin-release reduces the chocolate-eater's sensitivity to pain. Endorphins probably contribute to the warm inner glow induced in susceptible chocoholics. This sensation explains whychocolate gifts are a great way to bring joy to a loved one.

        Acute monthly cravings for chocolate amongst pre-menstrual women may be partly explained by its rich magnesiumcontent. Magnesium deficiency exacerbates PMT. Before menstruation, too, levels of the hormone progesterone are high. Progesterone promotes fat storage, preventing its use as fuel; elevated pre-menstrual levels of progesterone may cause a periodic craving for fatty foods. One study reported that 91% of chocolate-cravings associated with the menstrual cycle occurred between ovulation and the start of menstruation. Chocolate cravings are admitted by 15% of men and around 40% of women. Cravings are usually most intense in the late afternoon and early evening.

        Cacao and chocolate bars contain a group of neuroactive alkaloids known as tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines are also found in beer, wine and liquor; they have been linked to alcoholism. But the possible role of these chemicals in chocolate addiction remains unclear.

        One UK study of the human electroencephalographic (EEG) response to chocolate suggests that the odour of chocolate significantly reduces theta activity in the brain. Reduced theta activity is associated with enhanced relaxation. This study needs replication.

        Perhaps chocolate's key ingredient is its phenylethylamine (PEA) "love-chemical". Yet the role of the "chocolate amphetamine" is disputed. Most if not all chocolate-derived phenylethylamine is metabolised before it reaches the CNS. Some people may be sensitive to its effects in very small quantities.

        Phenylethylamine is itself a naturally occurring trace amine in the brain. Phenylethylamine releases dopamine in the mesolimbic pleasure-centres; it peaks during orgasm. Taken in unnaturally high doses, phenylethylamine can produce stereotyped behaviour more prominently even than amphetamine. Phenylethylamine has distinct binding sites but no specific neurons. It helps mediate feelings of attraction, excitement, giddiness, apprehension and euphoria; but confusingly, phenylethylamine has also been described as an endogenous anxiogen. One of its metabolites is unusually high in subjects with paranoid schizophrenia.

        There is even a phenylethylamine theory of depression. Monoamine oxidase type-b has been described as phenylethylaminase; and taking a selective MAO-b inhibitor, such as selegiline (l-deprenyl, Eldepryl) or rasagiline (Azilect) can accentuate chocolate's effects. Some subjects report that bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) reduces their chocolate-cravings; but other chocoholics dispute this.


The Zoo story

When Edward Albee wrote The Zoo Story in 1958, it was the first play that he wrote as an adult and only the second play that he wrote in his lifetime. His only other play was a sex farce that he wrote at the age of twelve. After being passed from friend to friend, The Zoo Story traveled from New York to Florence, Italy, to Zurich, Switzerland, to Frankfurt, Germany and was finally produced for the first time in Berlin, Germany. It opened on September 28, 1959, at the Schiller Theatre Werkstatt. After much critical praise in Germany, it was less than three months before The Zoo Story finally opened in New York. It debuted off-Broadway at the Provincetown Playhouse on January 14, 1960, and instantly had a strong impact on critics and audiences alike. The vast majority of the reviews were positive and many hoped for a revitalized theatre because of it. A few critics, however, dismissed the play because of its absurd content and seemed confused as to what Albee was trying to say with it.

The story, in simplest terms, is about how a man who is consumed with loneliness starts up a conversation with another man on a bench in Central Park and eventually forces him to participate in an act of violence. According to Matthew Roudane, who quoted a 1974 interview with Albee in his Understanding Edward Albee, the playwright maintained that he got the idea for The Zoo Story while working for Western Union: "I was always delivering telegrams to people in rooming houses. I met [the models for] all those people in the play in rooming houses. Jerry, the hero, is still around." Combining both realistic and absurd elements, Albee has constructed a short but multi-leveled play dealing with issues of human isolation, loneliness, class differences, and the dangers of inaction within American society. He focuses on the need for people to acknowledge and understand each other's differences. After garnering its initial critical praise, The Zoo Story went on to win the Village Voice Obie Award for best play and ran for a total of 582 performances. The Zoo Story continues to be a favorite with university and small theatre companies and persists in shocking and profoundly affecting its audiences. 

Morphemes and Lexemes

1. Basic concepts

            The most basic concept of morphology is ‘word’. But when a dictionary is made, not every sequence of letter or sounds has its own entry. For instance, the live, lives, lived, living are pronounced and written and are different words. But a dictionary will list only a single entry live. Dictionary users are expected to know that live, lives, lived, and living are different realizations of the ‘same’ word LIVE. Thus, there are two different notions of ‘word’: the dictionary word and text word.

 Since this distinction is central to morphology, there are special technical terms for the two notions, lexeme and word-form.

 

 

1.1.  Lexemes and word forms

A dictionary word is called a lexeme. The term is related to the term lexicon which is the mental dictionary people have in their heads. Lexemes are abstract entities and can be thought of as sets of word-forms.

A text word is called a word-form. Word-forms are concrete in that they can be pronounce and used in texts. Every word-form belongs to one lexeme, e.g. word-form lived belongs to the lexeme LIVE (capital letters are used to designate lexemes). The set of word-forms that belongs to a lexeme is called paradigm. English nouns have two or three word-forms, e.g. ISLAND: island, islands, island’s; I; I (nominative), my (possessive, adjectival), me (accusative), mine (substantive possession).

Different lexemes may be related to each other, and the set is sometimes called a word family. E.g.: READ, READABLE, UNREADABLE, READER, READABILITY, and REREAD. These words are given their own dictionary entries.  READABLE, UNREADABLE, READER, READABILITY, and REREAD are called complex lexemes and they generally denote new concepts.

There are two kinds of morphological relationships. Inflection (inflectional morphology0 denotes the relationship between word-forms of a lexeme; and derivation (derivational morphology) which denotes the relationship between lexemes of a word family. A derived lexeme is called a derivative. Derivation normally involves change of word class (category, or part of speech).

Some morphological complex words belong to two or more word families simultaneously. For instance, the FIREWOOD belongs both in the family of FIRE and the family of WOOD. Such relationships are called compounding, and the lexeme FIREWOOD is called a compound lexeme. Compounding if often grouped together with derivation under the category of word formation (i.e. lexeme formation)

 

1.2 Morphemes

            Morphological structure exists if a group of words shows partial form-meaning resemblances. Parts of word-forms have different meanings. For instance: wash, wash-es, wash-er, wash-able. The words are easily segmented, i.e. broken into individually meaningful parts. The parts are called morphemes. Words may consists of more than one morphemes, e.g. read-abil-ity, un-friend-li-ness. Morphemes can be defined as the smallest meaningful constituents of linguistic expression. A morpheme has meaning. When we have a sentence such as Camillia met an unfriendly chameleon, we can diide it into meaningful parts in various ways: (1) Camillia – met-  an unfriendly chameleon (N+V+NP); (2) an -unfriendly – chameleon (indefinite article + Adj + N); (3) un - friend – ly (prefix + stem+ suffix). Stem is the base of an inflected word-form. Morphemes are the ultimate elements of morphological analysis.

            Morphemes can have various kinds of meanings. Some meanings are concrete and can be described easily, eg. wash, read, able (from readable); but other meaning are abstract and more difficult to describe, e.g. –ity in readability means ‘ the quality’ so the quality of being readable’.

 

1.3  Stem, bases, roots, and affixes

Stem is the base of an inflected word-form. The part of the word that an affix is attached to is called the base, e.g in read-er, read-able, un-read-able, re-read, the base is read, and -er, -able are suffixes, re-  is a prefix, un - able are confix or circumfix (there is no form *unread; so un- must co-occur with -able in this particular case) a base that cannot be analysed further is called root. So in readability, read is the root and the base for readable, and readable is the base for readability, but it is not a root. In English there is no infix, -um- in s-um-ulat which means ‘write ‘ in Tagalog. Affix is a cover term to denote a short morpheme with an abstract meaning. Affixes are similar to roots in that they are primitive elements. In English the stem is the same as a citation form, that is a word-form that is used by convention to refer a lexeme (a dictionary form).  A lexeme is an abstract entity that cannot be segmented.

English  has a number of morphemes that are difficult to classify as roots or affixes , eg. Biorhythm, bioethics, technocrat, democrat. The elements bio- and -crat could be regarded as affixes because they do not occur as independent lexemes; they are often referred to as bound roots.

Critics on Water World

Waterworld is a weird movie. While, it is a weak film overall, at least it is different. There had never been anything like it and there probably won't be anything like it again, at least for quite a while. It’s not the worse film ever made as many would claim; however, it is rather silly. So what makes Waterworld weird and kind of silly is the way that the concept is expressed. The idea is that our current way of life has broken down as global warming melted the ice caps and put just about all land under water. In fact, dry land is now a myth. Gangs of thugs ride around on jet skies, which have somehow, remarkably stayed operational complete with repair parts and gas, go figure and fresh water is hard to come by. There are floating shanty style towns and, of course, everything and nearly everyone is barbaric.

 

In Waterworld's future, the polar caps have melted, flooding the earth. The few survivors lead a miserable life as they search for water, food, and the endless dream of dry land. Kevin Costner plays Mariner, a human that has managed to mutate to the point where he has gills and webbed feet. He trundles along on a gadget-filled boat that enables him to get out of any situation. His weapons are especially handy when the Smokies show up. These are the bad guys -- a group of biker-types that ride old jet-skis.

Costner opens the movie by urinating into a bottle, and then recycling it into drinking water. It's too bad that this is one of the very few details that shows how Waterworld's society survives. Supposedly everyone is suffering from starvation and dehydration, yet these people are in great shape, and have endless energy to fight with one another. The Smokies get lucky and headquarter themselves in an old oil tanker (named the Valdez) that still has gallons of fuel in its holds, allowing them to keep their Jet-Ski warriors mobile. They even have an old airplane that flies great. Even more amazing is all these things must run on crude oil.

 

Just when all hope looks to be lost, the Mariner and Nila are saved from the sinking compound by Ellen and her friends in a hot air balloon. After reading the map, they set sail in the balloon on a quest to find dry land. Many days go by and they are out of food and water when a pigeon flies up to their balloon and sits on the ledge. The Mariner seeing the bird looks over the edge of the balloon and sees the most beautiful sight he has ever encountered, land, rich with trees and fresh spring waterfalls. Thus ends their life on water and begins a new generation of land living individuals.

 

A tight squeeze into the PG-13 category, Waterworld contains full nudity from the back as a woman gives herself to Mariner, an attempted rape scene with limited nudity, and the suggestion of sexual relations with a very young girl. Continuous disturbances from the Smokies create one violent scene after the next: Eyes are popped out, people are burned to death, and many are shot. The language matches the rest of the movie, with many obscenities and sexual innuendos.

 

Waterworld could have been better with a more fully flushed out concept. Maybe showing the collapse of the old world would have helped orient people a bit more. The story is littered with large logic errors, that a careful, patient, well-thought out screenwriter would have nailed. No one is perfect and you can't catch everything, but some of Waterworld's errors were just too large to ignore.